Prez makes big catch, brings in Premier to lead his campaign

President Ranil Wickremesinghe and an influential section of the SLPP backing him at the presidential election have agreed to form a broader alliance led by Premier Dinesh Gunawardena.

Political sources told The Island that the decision had been made following talks between President Wickremesinghe and the SLPP group at his official residence at Paget Road and later at UNP leader’s political office at Flower Road. President Wickremesinghe proposed that the campaign be conducted under Premier Gunawardena’s leadership.

Sources said that the decision taken by the SLPP at its Chairman Mahinda Rajapaksa’s Wijerama Mawatha residence, earlier in the day, to field a candidate of its own, wouldn’t have any bearing on their decision to back Wickremesinghe’s candidature.

Responding to queries, sources said that during the discussions, the dissident SLPP group had stressed the need to stop projecting President Wickremesinghe as the UNP candidate.

The SLPP secured 145 seats at the last parliamentary poll held in August 2020.

Sources said more than half were believed to have pledged their support to President Wickremesinghe. That group included several SLFPers elected on the SLPP ticket and other key members, including Chief Government Whip Prasanna Ranatunga and Leader of the House Susil Premjayantha. Sources pointed out that the SLFP recently reached an agreement with another dissident SLPP group that included Nimal Lanza and Anura Priyadarshana Yapa in line with their overall strategy intended to promote President Wickremesinghe’s candidature.

In the wake of the latest split in the SLPP, State Defence Minister Pramitha Bandara Tennakoon and State Finance Shehan Semasinghe, both elected on the SLPP ticket at the last general election, called for combined effort to ensure President Wickremesinghe’s victory at the Sept. 21 presidential poll.

Addressing the media at their new propaganda office at No 15, Lauries Road, Bambalapitiya, they emphasized the need to sustain post-Aragalaya recovery efforts, under President Wickremesinghe’s leadership.

Minister Ranatunga spearheading the effort in support of President Wickremesinghe has declared that their decision wouldn’t be reversed under any circumstances.

Sources said that the Rajapaksas blundered by seeking to deprive President Wickremesinghe of support on the basis of a decision taken by the recently appointed executive committee consisting of 96 members. However, only 82 members had been present at the Wijerama Mawatha residence at the time a vote was taken on whether the SLPP should field a candidate of its own.

The executive committee, appointed about two months ago, included 20 MPs named by the party leader.

The MPs on the Executive Committee included S.B. Dissanayake, Gamini Lokuge, C.B. Ratnayake, Janaka Bandara Tennakoon, Chamal Rajapaksa, Prasanna Ranatunga, Ramesh Pathirana, Mahindananda Aluthgamage, Prasanna Ranaweera, Indika Anuruddha, Pavitra Wanniarachchi, Johnston Fernando, D.V. Chanaka, Thenuka Vidanagamage, Bandula Gunawardena, Pradeep Undugoda, Kokila Harshani Gunawardena, Sahan Pradeep, Janaka Wakkumbura, Kanaka Herath and Kanchana Wijesekera.

Ex-officio members in the group were Namal Rajapaksa, Sagara Kariyawasam and Rohitha Abeygunawardena.

Arguments erupted at the very beginning when S.B. Dissanayake, much to the surprise of the Executive Committee, declared though he accepted SLPP General Secretary Kariyawasam’s proposal to field a candidate of its own, the current situation, however, demanded that the ruling party back Wickremesinghe.

Johnston Fernando reacted angrily to Dissanayake’s proposal while Prasanna Ranatunga, Mahindananda Aluthgamage, Ramesh Pathina and Kanchana Wijesekera defended Dissanayake’s right to take a stand on the issue at hand.

Sources said that when Kariyawasam asked those who backed his proposal to field a candidate of its own to raise their hands, none did. But when those opposed to his proposal were asked to raise their hands, 11 out of the 82 did so, according to sources.

92 MPs meet President Ranil to pledge their support

Ninety-two Members of Parliament including Ministers and State Ministers have reportedly met with President Ranil Wickremesinghe.

The MPs pledged their support for the President in the upcoming presidential election to ensure his victory, according to the President’s Media Division.

This was conveyed during the ruling party MPs meeting at the Presidential Secretariat in Colombo this evening (30).

Despite the Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP) politburo deciding to field their own candidate in the upcoming Presidential election, a group of SLPP MPs and Ministers have expressed their support for President Wickremesinghe.

Meanwhile, a group of Ministers, including those who opposed the proposal brought by the SLPP Politburo, met President Wickremesinghe last night (29). They had reportedly decided to support him in the upcoming presidential election.

Some ministers and others opposed the decision made by the SLPP politburo, which met last afternoon to present a candidate for this year’s presidential election.

The opposing ministers and others gathered at the political office of United National Party Member of Parliament Vajira Abeywardena in Flower Road, Colombo, and engaged in a discussion with President Wickremesinghe.

Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees of Parliament Ajith Rajapakse, Minister Kanchana Wijesekera, State Ministers Dilum Amunugama, Anupa Pasqual, Geeta Kumarasinghe, Members of Parliament Mahindananda Aluthgamage, S.B. Dissanayake, Premnath C. Dolawatte, and others had participated in this discussion and decided to support President Wickremesinghe in the upcoming presidential election.

Posting on ‘X’ (formerly Twitter), State Minister Pramitha Bandara Tennakoon stated that he will continue to support the president who saved the country, regardless of the SLPP politburo’s decision.

“Immaterial of the decision made by the political bureau of SLPP, together with the majority of parliamentary members, I will continue to support President Ranil Wickremesinghe in the upcoming presidential election, who rescued the country at the most crucial time,” Tennakoon said.

Similarly, State Minister of Finance Shehan Semasinghe also expressed his support for President Wickremesinghe on X.

“Under President Ranil Wickremesinghe’s leadership, Sri Lanka has made significant strides in overcoming the most severe crises in history. His clear and decisive leadership has guided the nation toward stability and growth. To prevent a return to such challenging times, it is essential to continue supporting President Wickremesinghe’s vision and initiatives. We need to protect the country before our political views. Together, we can build a prosperous future for our country,” Semasinghe said.

HRCSL to Issue Guidelines for Government Officials During the Presidential Election

The Human Rights Commission of Sri Lanka (HRCSL) has decided to issue a series of guidelines for government officials and government performance during the presidential election.

Its commissioner Attorney-at-Law Nimal Punchihewa says the human rights of the general public are violated as officials’ favour parties

He added that the decision was reached after considering such acts.

HRW calls on UN Human Rights Council to renew it mandate on Sri Lanka for two more years

Human Rights Watch has called on the United Nations Human Rights Council to renew its mandate on Sri Lanka for another two years given Sri Lanka’s lack of accountability for war crimes as well as increasing incidents of Sri Lankan authorities denying the freedom of religion and the basic rights of the Tamils.

“The Sri Lankan government’s loud claims of reconciliation ring hollow in the face of increasing suppression of minority religious and cultural identities,” said Meenakshi Ganguly, deputy Asia director at Human Rights Watch. “Concerted international pressure is needed to reverse this nefarious campaign, which promotes Sinhala Buddhist nationalism at the expense of other populations.”

Elaborating on the numerous incidents that have been reported for the last few years including several that took place this year, Ganguly says Sri Lankan authorities were conducting a campaign to deny Hindu and other religious minorities access to places of worship and other property while designating these locations as Buddhist sites. She faulted that government agencies such as the Department of Archaeology, the military, and police, “have taken part in a concerted strategy assailing the culture and practices of religious minorities. They are promoting majority Sinhalese Buddhist settlement in Sri Lanka’s north and east to the detriment of the predominantly Tamil and Muslim populations’ rights to property and religious freedom.” She says there seems to be a pattern that emerges at temples throughout the North-East where authorities supported by Buddhist monks have damaged or removed Hindu idols, threatened or attacked worshippers denying them access to these locations. This she says is part of a large concentrated attempt targetting Tamil and Muslim properties in land grabs.

HRW details locations such as Thaiyiddi where the Sri Lankan army constructed a Buddhist temple on land that local residents and politicians alleged is owned by Tamils. Meanwhile at Mylanthanaimadu and Periya Maadhavanai, in Batticaloa hundreds of Tamil and Muslim dairy farmers, who say they have used area lands for grazing for generations, have been in disputes with Sinhalese arable farmers, many of them former soldiers who have been settled in the area with government support since 2010.

The Human Rights Watch details several incidents of intrusive surveillance of activist groups, suppressing dissent, and increasingly violating the right to freedom of religion. It was only earlier this week that the Terrorism Investigation Department summoned the head of the Families of the Disappeared in Batticaloa to appear before the TID to provide a statement.

“The Sri Lankan government’s deepening repression of minority communities will only end when there is genuine accountability for past war crimes and ongoing abuses,” Ganguly said. “To reduce the risk of further violations, it is crucial that the UN Human Rights Council renews its mandate on Sri Lanka for another two years.” She added that since the end of the war, international efforts to ensure justice for conflict-era crimes and address ongoing rights violations have focused on the United Nations Human Rights Council. The current resolution of the council, which mandates evidence gathering for use in future prosecutions related to the war and ongoing monitoring of human rights in Sri Lanka, is due to expire in September.

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Aragalaya activist Nuwan Bopage to contest polls

Aragalaya activist and lawyer Nuwan Bopage is to contest the upcoming Presidential elections.

Speaking to reporters, Monday, some of the activists said that they had collectively decided to back Bopage at the election.

Bopage will represent the ‘Alliance for People’s Struggle’ at the polls.

Nuwan Bopage represented a number of protesters who were arrested during the ‘Gota Go Home’ protests staged in Sri Lanka in 2022.

He was also detained by the military when President Ranil Wickremesinghe ordered a crackdown on the protest at Galle Face.

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Group of SLPP Ministers and MPs express support to President Ranil

Despite the Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP) politburo deciding to field their own candidate in the upcoming Presidential election, a group of SLPP MPs and Ministers have expressed their support for President Ranil Wickremesinghe.

Posting on ‘X’ (formerly Twitter), State Minister Pramitha Bandara Tennakoon stated that he will continue to support the president who saved the country, regardless of the SLPP politburo’s decision.

“Immaterial of the decision made by the political bureau of SLPP, together with the majority of parliamentary members, I will continue to support President Ranil Wickremesinghe in the upcoming presidential election, who rescued the country at the most crucial time,” Tennakoon said.

Similarly, State Minister of Finance Shehan Semasinghe also expressed his support for President Wickremesinghe on X.

“Under President Ranil Wickremesinghe’s leadership, Sri Lanka has made significant strides in overcoming the most severe crises in history. His clear and decisive leadership has guided the nation toward stability and growth. To prevent a return to such challenging times, it is essential to continue supporting President Wickremesinghe’s vision and initiatives. We need to protect the country before our political views. Together, we can build a prosperous future for our country,” Semasinghe said.

Meanwhile, a group of Ministers, including those who opposed the proposal brought by the SLPP Politburo, met President Wickremesinghe yesterday (29). They decided to support him in the upcoming presidential election.

Some ministers and others opposed the decision made by the SLPP politburo, which met last afternoon to present a candidate for this year’s presidential election.

The opposing ministers and others gathered at the political office of United National Party Member of Parliament Vajira Abeywardena in Flower Road, Colombo, and engaged in a discussion with President Wickremesinghe.

Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees of Parliament Ajith Rajapakse, Minister Kanchana Wijesekera, State Ministers Dilum Amunugama, Anupa Pasqual, Geeta Kumarasinghe, Members of Parliament Mahindananda Aluthgamage, S.B. Dissanayake, Premnath C. Dolawatte, and others participated in this discussion and decided to support President Wickremesinghe in the upcoming presidential election.

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76% say ‘No’ to Ranil joining Rajapaksas for Presidential poll

Nearly 76% of voters in Daily Mirror’s poll were of the opinion that President Ranil Wickremesinghe should not team up with the Rajapaksas in the upcoming Presidential elections.

The question asked of respondents was, “Amidst recent criticism by Basil Rajapaksa on the breakaway faction of the Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP)- who have joined the government- should Ranil Wickremesinghe team up with the Rajapaksas and contest the next elections?

Of a total of 1,645 respondents, nearly 76% voted ‘No’, nearly 21% voted ‘Yes’, while nearly 3% voted ‘Do Not Know’.

The poll followed the reports that surfaced last month of the founder of Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP) Basil Rajapaksa having informed his party’s breakaway group at a meeting also attended by President Wickremesinghe that the Rajapaksas were not ready to cow down to any pressure.

He had reportedly delivered these remarks when Minister of Housing and Urban Development Prasanna Ranatunga – a breakaway member of the party backing President Wickremesinghe – had informed the same meeting that there is a request from other parties and groups for the accommodation of the SLPP for a broad alliance sans the members of the Rajapaksa family.

Meanwhile, on Saturday (27), President Ranil Wickremesinghe officially announced his candidacy for the upcoming Presidential election during a rally in Galle

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Ruling regime cracks over Presidential candidacy

In a significant blow to the ruling Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP), a group of party MPs have announced they would defy the party’s decision to field its own candidate and instead support President Ranil Wickremesinghe in his bid for re-election.

Following a party politburo meeting, it was officially announced yesterday that the SLPP will break ties with President Ranil Wickremesinghe and field its own candidate in the upcoming election.

Speaking to the media SLPP General Secretary Sagara Kariyawasam clai-med the majority of members agreed on fielding a candidate under the SLPP ticket and the lotus bud symbol. Consequently, the SLPP will withdraw its support for Wickremesinghe in the election.

Kariyawasam acknowledged that the party has been lenient with members attending rallies of other politicians but said it was agreed to take disciplinary action against such members if this behaviour continues.

“While some objected to the party’s decision, a majority accepted it. If any party member opposes this decision or contests the Presidential Election without the party’s approval, disciplinary action will be initiated against them,” MP Kariyawasam added. He said only a few members opposed the party’s stance.

Taking to X, SLPP National Organiser Namal Rajapaksa said with the party’s decision to field their own candidate, they also acknowledge past challenges and commit to unity, economic stability, and restoring trust. “United, we will advance Sri Lanka with renewed purpose and strength,” he said.

Reports about the attendance at the politburo meeting were also conflicting. Some sources claim that 79 out of 82 SLPP members attended, with only 11 opposing the party’s decision to field its own candidate.

However, political commentators noted that the SLPP politburo is primarily composed of Namal Rajapaksa loyalists, while the SLPP Parliamentary group is not part of the politburo. According to these commentators, at least 80 MPs are currently extending their support to Wickremesinghe.

Meanwhile, despite Namal Rajapaksa’s claims of unity and threats of disciplinary action, a group of SLPP MPs announced their decision to continue their support of Wickremesinghe.

The announcement was made after the group consisting of MPs and Ministers convened at United National Party (UNP) MP Wajira Abeywardana’s election office in Flower Road last night. The meeting headed by President Ranil Wickremesinghe had SLPP stalwarts including Deputy Speaker Ajith Rajapakse, Ministers Kanchana Wijesekara, Tiran Alles, Geetha Kumarasinghe, Anupa Pasqual, Dilum Amunugama, MPs Mahindananda Aluthgamage, S.B. Dissanayake, Premanatha C. Dolawatte and others in attendance.

Speaking to the media, Minister Anupa Pasqual said the group will remain in the SLPP but continue to support Wickremesinghe. “His victory is assured,” he said.

When asked by the media if his political career with the SLPP is nearing its end, Amunugama responded that it appeared so. However, he suggested that a majority of SLPP members support Wickremesinghe, while only a few have agreed to field a different candidate.

S.B. Dissanayake said the group has always believed Wickremesinghe is the best candidate for the Presidency. He insisted that all Ministers, except for a few State Ministers, have extended their support to Wickremesinghe, claiming that “90% of the MPs are with the President.”

Meanwhile, Minister Kanchana Wijesekara said the group will continue to advocate for Wickremesinghe and attempt to gain SLPP leader Mahinda Rajapaksa’s support for him. Wijesekara emphasised that they do not want the party to split, but if they cannot convince the leadership, the group will still support Wickremesinghe. He suggested there is an attempt to cause the party a massive defeat by fielding a different candidate.

Welikada massacre remembered across North-East

Several events were held across the North-East this week to mark 41 years since the Welikada massacre, in which 53 Tamil political prisoners were murdered by Sinhala inmates and prison guards.

The massacre took place during the Black July pogrom of 1983.

Mannar

The head of the Tamil Eelam Liberation Movement (TELO) Selvam Adaikalanathan while attending a memorial for the Tamils who were massacred in the Welikada massacre said that there elements in the South of Sri Lanka who were planning and staging events aimed at erasing the history of Eelam Tamils

“We should not lose our people and our land due to our lack of unity,” he said speaking at an event held in Mannar to mark a commemoration of the Welikada Massacre. The event was held at the TELO office where several Tamils gathered to pay their respects and honor them. “Even though TELO lost its members who propelled the movement, we are now working with five other parties so that we can remain united for the cause of the Tamil aspiration.”

He appealed for all members and Tamil political parties to unite so they can avert the ethnic cleansing and the ruination of the Tamil homeland by forces from Sri Lanka’s South.

Jaffna

A memorial was held at the Father Chelva Hall in Jaffna this week to commemorate the 41st annivesary of the massacre.

The event was organized by the Democratic Tamil National Alliance to remember the lives of 53 Tamil prisoners who were massacared within the Welikada jail. Relatives of those who were killed led the memorial lighting candles and laying floral wreaths. Several members of the DTNA including Dharmalingam Siddarthan, Suresh Premachandran and N. Srikanth were present during the event.

Vavuniya

A similar trubute was held in Vavuniya. At the event, Nadarajah Thangavelu, alias Thangathurai, the co-founding leaders of TLO (Tamil Liberation Organisation) was honored along with Commander Guttimani and combatant Jagan. The event was led by Vavuniya district organizer of TELO, while several members took part in the event.

Colombo

Marking the commemoration, Tamil National People’s Front (TNPF) MP Selvarajah Kajendran met with Tamil political prisoners who are still behind bars at the Welikada Prison in Colombo.

Speaking to reporters he said that these prisoners have been behind bars for over 29 years. “It has been 41 years since the Welikada Massacre, which took place at this very prison. Today we came to prisoners who are yearning to be released and we call on the government to secure their release. They have called on Tamils at home and around the world to help secure their release.”

On the 25th July 1983 Sellarasa “Kuttimani” Yogachandiran, leader of the Tamil Eelam Liberation Organisation (TELO) and Ganeshanathan Jeganathan, a political writer, had their eyes gouged out in mockery before being killed by Sinhalese inmates at the high security Welikada prison in Colombo.

A total of 37 Tamil prisoners were murdered the same day, and 18 more were killed two days later.

In 1976, Kuttimani’s name appeared on the list of 47 Tamil prisoners held without trial under Emergency Regulations. Martin Ennals of Amnesty International had constructed the Report of Amnesty International Mission (Jan 1975), indicating that Kuttimani was a “prisoner whose case is under investigation by Amnesty International”. The report further discloses that Kuttimani was kept in Welikada and was arrested in August 1975. He was released in 1977.

On March 21st, 1981, Neervely’s Bank robbery of 8 million Sri Lankan rupees led the Sri Lankan police officials to accuse Kuttimani as the orchestrator. He was arrested on April 5, 1981, along with Thangathurai and Selvadurai Sivasubramaniam alias, Devan, while bidding to escape in a boat to Tamil Nadu. The following year, in August, Kuttimani and Jegan were served a death sentence by the Colombo High Court, under the Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA).

Ganeshanathan Jeganathan, nicknamed Jegan was a political writer and an early member of TELO. He hailed from Thondaimanaru. The abrupt death of TULF’s Vaddukoddai MP T. Thirunavukkarasu in 1982, allowed an open seat for Kuttimani. The then-leader of TULF, A. Amirthalingam informed the Elections Commissioner of his decision to nominate Kuttimani as the new MP of Vaddukoddai. But then Prisons Commissioner Priya Delgoda announced on 16 October 1982 that Kuttimani would not be released from prison to take his oaths at the parliament, legally disqualifying him from membership.

On November 2nd, 1981, the trials of Kuttimani, Thangathurai, and Devan began under the Sri Lanka Prevention of Terrorism Act. The outcome of the trial was a death sentence. Famously, Kuttimani stated:

“I request that I should be hanged in Tamil Eelam… I request that my eyes be donated to some blind person so that Kuttimani will be able to see through those eyes the reality of Tamil Eelam”.

Whilst their trials were still pending, Kuttimani and Thangathurai were brutally murdered in Welikada Maximum Security Prison.

Kuttimani’s tormentors “gouged out” his eyes – an allusion to the request that he had made. According to Amnesty International, the Sinhala prisoners were offered alcohol and permitted to attack the Tamil prisoners.

See an extract from The Guardian, on 5th August 1983, below:

‘It is the massacres in the Welikade gaol which are attracting the most attention. There is a particular interest in circumstances in which two alleged guerrilla leaders were killed.

The two men, Sellarasa “Kuttimani” Yogachandiran, leader of the Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization (TELO) and a political writer, and Ganeshanathan Jeganathan had been sentenced to death last year for the murder of a policeman.

In speeches from the dock, the two men had announced that they would donate their eyes in the hope that they would be grafted on to Tamils who would see the birth of Eelam, the independent state they were fighting for.

Second hand reports from Batticaloa gaol, where the survivors of the Welikada massacre are now being kept, say that the two men were forced to kneel and their eyes gouged out with iron bars before they were killed.

One version has it that Kuttimani’s tongue was cut out by an attacker who drank the blood and cried: “I have drunk the blood of a Tiger.”

The two men were among the 35 Tamils killed in the Welikada gaol on July 25. Another 17 were killed in the gaol two days later and the Guardian has obtained a first hand account of part of the fighting in this incident, including the circumstances in which Sri Lanka’s Gandhian leader, Dr. Rajasunderam, died.

Dr. Rajasunderam was one of nine men, including two Catholic priests and a Methodist minister, who were moved out of their cells immediately after the July 25 killings—to make way for survivors moved into their cells on security grounds—into a padlocked hall, upstairs in the same block.

The nine, convinced that further attacks were coming, made repeated representations to the prison authorities on July 26 for better security measures. Assurances were given that they would be protected, but nothing was done.

At 2:30 pm in July 27, hearing screaming and whistling outside, one of the priests looked out of a high window and saw prisoners breaking in from a neighboring compound, wielding axes, iron bars, pieces of firewood, and sticks. There was no sign of the prison guards.

The mob, which was later found to have killed 16 prisoners in the downstairs cells, ran up to the hall and began breaking the padlock. Dr. Rajasunderam then went to the door and cried out: “Why are you trying to kill us? What have we done to you?” At that moment, the door burst open and Dr. Rajasunderam was hit on the side of the neck by a length of iron. Blood was seen to spurt several feet.

“At that juncture, we thought we should defend ourselves,” one of the prisoners related. “We broke the two tables in the hall and took the legs to defend ourselves.” “We kept them at bay. They threw bricks at us. We threw them back. Pieces of firewood and an iron bar were thrown at us. We used them to defend ourselves. It went on for about half an hour. They shouted: ‘You are the priests, we must kill you.’”

The killing was eventually ended by the army, who moved in with teargas. An inquest has been opened into the Welikada massacres, but the above details did not emerge. Prison warders claim that keys to the cells were stolen from them.

Lawyers for the prisoners who have accused the warders of having participated, claim that they were not given the opportunity to bring evidence despite representation to the Government.’

The International Commission of Jurists commented:

“It is not clear how it was possible for the killings to take place without the connivance of prison officials, and how the assassinations could have been repeated after an interval of two days, since Welikade prison is a high security prison and the Tamil prisoners were kept in separate cells…”

Along with Kuttimani and Thangathurai, the Tamil prisoners who were massacred in Welikada on 25th July 1983 were:

Nadesathasan, Jegan, Alias Sivarasa, Sivan Anpalagan, A. Balasubramaniam, Surash Kumar, Arunthavarajah, Thanapalasingham, Arafat, Anpalagan Sunduran, P. Mahendran, Ramalingam Balachandran, K. Thillainathan, K. Thavarajasingham, S. Subramaniam, Mylvaganam Sinnaiah, G. Mylvaganam, Ch. Sivanantharajah, T. Kandiah, S. Sathiyaseelan, Kathiravelpillai, Easvaranathan, K. Nagarajah, Gunapalan Ganeshalingam, S. Kularajasekaram, K. Krishnakumar, K. Uthaya Kumar, R. Yoganathan, S. Sivakumar, A. Uthayakumar, A. Rajan, G. Amirthalingam, S. Balachandran, V. Chandrakumar, Yogachandran Killi, Sittampalam Chandrakulam and Master Navaratnam Sivapatham